连词
| neither...nor... 两者都不 | 我和他都不想见你 Neither I nor he wants to see you. |
| either...or 要么...要么 | 你要么选择这个要么那个You choose either this one or that one. |
| not only...but also... 不仅而且 | 不仅我，他也想见你 Not only I,but also he wants to see you. |
| as well as 和...一样 | 他和我一样想见你 He as well as I wants to see you. |
| and 和 | Tom and I go to school together. |
| both...and 两者都 | 我的朋友和我都去了北京 Both my friend and I went to BeiJing. |
代词划分
人称代词(主格/宾格) 物主代词(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词) 反身代词(myself/ourselves/yourself/yourselves/himself/herself/itself/themselves) 相互代词 (each other/one another) 指示代词(this/that/these/those) 不定代词 疑问代词(what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever ,whoever, whomever) 连接代词(疑问代词在引起从句时，都称为连接代词) 关系代词(代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分)
不定代词
1.some和any
some常用于肯定句，any常用于否定和疑问句。 some表示提出建议或请求时,any表示任何(单数)时除外
I have some questions. I like any sport. I don't have any questions.我没有一些问题 I don't have any question. 我没有任何问题 Could you give me some money ? Would you like something to eat?
2.every和each
every强调三者或以上，each强调两者或以上。 every强调整体，each强调个体
Everyone has a car. He is happy every day. There are many stores on each side of the road. Each side of the coat is dirty. We have a rest every other hour. 我们每隔一小时休息一次。 We have a rest every two hours. 我们每两小时休息一次。
3.another,other(s),the other(s)
三者都可以作形容词，代词。 the other相对other,特指
They went to another room . I don't like this one, would you give me another one? I have two brothers, one is a doctor, the other one is a teacher. Where is the other shoe? I have three brothers, one is a doctor, the others are teachers. He is smarter than the others in his class. Where did the other students go? You may like it, but others may not. I have other questions. He left for other reasons.
4.both,neither,either
neither，either表两者中其一，单数 neither，either表否定句中的我也是 both表两者都，复数
Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对 Either of them is OK. 他们两个中哪个都可以 Both of them are right. 他们两个都对 He is not a teacher, neither am I. He is not a teacher,I am not a teacher either. He is a teacher, I am a teacher too. He is a teacher, I am a teacher as well. He is a teacher, I am also a teacher . He is a teacher, so am I.
5.a few ,few,a little,little
a few ,few接续可数名词,a little,little接续不可数名词。 a few,a little表示有一点,few, little表示几乎没有
There are a few people on the street . 街上有些人 There are few people on the street . 街上几乎没有人 There is a little water in the cup. 杯子里有点水 There is little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水
6.much,many,a lot of,lots of，so many,so much,too much
much修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词 a lot of等价于lots of 可数名词和不可数名词皆可修饰 so many,so much 如此多,too much 太多了
I have much/lots of/ a lot of money. I have many/lots of /a lot of questions. I have waited for you for so many years. How did you spend so much money? You put too much salt in this dish.
7. 复合不定代词
定语置后 所有格 所有复合不定代词都视为单数 祈使句 做名词 部分否定 替代(反义疑问句)
I have something important to tell you . Would you like something to eat? It is not anyone's fault. Everything is possible. Everybody/Everyone don't move. He is nobody(小人物), but he would be somebody. (大人物) It is something to me. 这对我来说是个小事 It is nothing to me. 这对我来说不算个事 It is everything(最重要的事) to me. 这是我的一切 Not everyone/everydody likes you. 不是每个人都喜欢你 Everyone has their problem, don't they?
冠词
冠词本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起(一般用于名词之前 )帮助说明名词所指的人或事物
定冠词
| 江河海洋与群山 | 长江,泰晤士河,太平洋,阿尔卑斯山... |
| 沙戈群岛海峡湾 | 撒哈拉大沙漠,戈壁,菲律宾群岛,台湾海峡,波斯湾... |
| 阶级党派朝时名 | 工人阶级，民主党，宋朝，石器时代... |
| 家族民族与报刊 | 史密斯一家，中华民族，人民日报... |
| 厂矿机关农历节 | 钢铁厂，教育部，春节... |
| 天体组织会议通 | 地球，月亮，共青团，万隆会议，船，飞机，快车等交通工具命名 |
| 习语特指独有词 | in the moring,the book on the desk is mine，独一无二的存在(太阳) |
| 普通名词专有含 | 由普通名词构成的专有名词 :the West Lake 西湖 |
| 计量单位洋乐器 | 斤两，钢琴，小提琴 |
| 人的事物再次谈 | 他住在农场，这农场不大 |
| 方位次序最高级 | the west,the first,the hottest |
单湖不加冠词，多湖加;单个山不加，xx峰不加 the+姓氏复数表示全家人，the+姓氏单数表示同一姓氏几个人中的某一个人 天体:有球无星，行星不加冠词 太阳--恒星 the sun 地球--行星 (the) Earth 与日月连用或特指时加the 作为土壤，泥土等物质名词，泛指时不加the
月球--卫星 the moon 火星--行星 Mars
the+形容词表示一类人 the old 老人
零冠词
| 代词限定名词前 | 名词前已有作定语的限定词：my,his,some,any,this,that... |
| 专有名词不可数 | 街道，广场，公园，大学名(王府井大街，天安门广场，北海公园，北京大学)...不可数名词 |
| 学科球类三餐饭 | 数学物理，足球篮球，早中晚饭 |
| 两节星期月份前 | 西方节日，季节(春夏秋冬)，星期月份前不加冠词 |
| 颜色语种和国名 | 红色，汉语，中国 |
| 称呼习语和头衔 | 队长，国王，总统，go to bed,at night |
与by连用的交通工具前不加冠词
名词
特殊性
可数名词复数可表泛指 可数名词加the+单数表示特指某一个 可数名词加the+复数表示特指某些 不可数名词不加the表泛指 不可数名词加the表特指
| 可数名词 | 不可数名词 | |
| 泛指 | 复数 dogs | 原型 money |
| 特指 | the+单数特指某个 the dog，the+复数特指某些 the dogs | the+原型 the money |
所有格
有生命的名词加's或'
单数名词词尾+'s my friend's car 复数名词不以s结尾+'s children's day 复数名词以s结尾+' my friends' cars
无生命的名词加of+名词 the gate of the school
特殊的所有格
分别有，分别加，共同有，末尾加 A's father and B's father/A and B's father 表示店铺/教堂/医院等场所或某人家时可省略名词 the barber's / the church's/ the doctor's/my parents' 时间/距离/国家/城市等无生命的词可加's，或' today's newspaper /five minutes' walk/China's future /BeiJing's Olympic Games
双重所有格
名词+of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词
a picture of tom's a friend of mine
使动词
使xxx怎么样 让xxx怎么样
示例
The movie moved me. 做谓语动词，moved为过去式 I am moved. 做形容词，修饰人 The movie is moving. 做形容词，修饰物
常用使动词
move satisfy interest embarrass disappoint excite,thrill worry,concern,worrisome(令人担忧的) puzzle,confuse shock,surprise,amaze frighten,terrify,horrify,scare impress,impressive(令人印象深刻的) frustrate 击败 relax bore disgust 厌恶 tire,exhaust 疲倦 please,delight,pleasant(令人愉快的) annoy,upset 心烦 amuse,entertain 娱乐
思维导图
