基本结构
从过去开始一直延续到现在的时间段,结构为have/has+done
区分have been to/have gone to/ have been in
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
| have been to | 去又回,强调往返 | I have been to America.(我去过美国) |
| have gone to | 去,强调去这个动作,也许还在路上 | I have gone to America.(我去美国了) |
| have been in | 一直停留 | I have been in America for 2 years.(我在美国待两年了) |
特点
现在完成时和一般过去时很像，都指的是发生过的事。 现在完成时强调完成，对之后有影响 一般过去时只是简单的叙述。 常常和[已经],[还],[刚刚]等词语连用(already,yet,just) 对时间段的提问用how long (since),回答用for或since. 动词要用可延续性谓语动词或系动词 使用when提问的多是时间点,一般过去时
示例
我吃完饭了 --纯叙述
我已经吃完饭了 -- 你们吃吧
我看了一部电影 --纯叙述
我已经看过这部电影了 -- 不想看第二遍，能不能换一个？
我没起床 --纯叙述
我还没起床 --等我起床后再出去玩
不可延续动词的转换
| 原型 | 系动词或可延续性动词 |
| come/arrive | be here |
| come back | be back |
| go /leave | be away(from) |
| go out | be out |
| begin/start | be on |
| finish | be over |
| die | be dead |
| wake up | be up/awake |
| join | be in |
| put on | be on |
| open | be open |
| close | be closed |
| lose | be missing |
| borrow | keep |
| buy | have |
| catch a cold | have a cold |
| hear | know |
动词划分
动词分为谓语动词和系动词两大类 谓语动词分为可延续性和不可延续性两类 系动词包含be动词和其他系动词(如感官系动词)
不可转换的非延续性动词
并不是所有的非延续性动词都可以转换,不可转换的(如find,eat,tell,fire),提问多久时使用如下结构
How long has it been since(接一个完整的句子,时态为一般过去时)
可转换的非延续性动词,也可用这种结构
检测
他来多久了? How long has it been since he came here?/How long has he been here?
他回来多久了? How long has it been since he came back?/How long has he been back?
他离开多久了? How long has it been since he left/went away?/How long has he been away?
他出去多久了? How long has it been since he went out?/How long has he been out?
电影开始多久了? How long has it been since the movie began?/How long has the movie been on?
电影结束多久了? How long has it been since the movie finished?/How long has the movie been over?
他死多久了? How long has it been since he died?/How long has he been dead?
你醒多久了? How long has it been since you woke up?/How long have you been up?
他参军多久了? How long has it been since he joined the army?/How long has he been in the army ?
你穿这件衣服多久了? How long has it been since you wore this piece of clothing?/How long have you worn this piece of clothing?
这门开多久了? How long has it been since the door was opened ?/How long has the door been open?
这门关多久了? How long has it been since the door was closed ?/How long has the door been closed?
这把钥匙丢多久了? How long has it been since the key was lost ?/How long has the key been missing?
你借这本书多久了? How long has it been since you borrowed the book?/How long have you kept the book?
你买这辆车多久了? How long has it been since you bought this car?/How long have you had this car?
你得感冒多久了? How long has it been since you caught a cold?/How long have you had a cold?
你听到这消息多久了? How long has it been since you heard the news?/How long have you known the news?
你找到钥匙多久了? How long has it been since you found the key?
你吃了多久了? How long has it been since you started eating?
你告诉他多久了? How long has it been since you told him?
你开除他多久了? How long has it been since you fired him?
你住在这里多久了？ How long have you lived here?
你之前在这里住过多久？ How long did you live here?(一般过去时)
你工作多久了？ How long have you worked?
你之前在这里工作过多久？ How long did you work here?(一般过去时)
你喜欢我多久了？ How long have you liked me?
他来两个小时了 It has been two hours since he came here./He has been here for two hours.
他回来两个小时了 It has been two hours since he came back./He has been back for two hours.
思维导图
